Darjeeling
Country-INDIA.
State-West Bengal,
District - Darjeeling
Settled-Leased in 1835 from Tsugphud Namgyal, the Chogyal of the Kingdom of Sikkim, and annexed in 1849. The municipality, 1 July 1850.
Founded by - The British East India Company, during Company rule in India.
Government.
• Body- Darjeeling Municipality.
• Chairman- Amar Singh Rai.
Area
• Total-7.43 km2 (2.87 sq mi).
Elevation-2,045 m (6,709 ft).
Population (2022)
• Total-1,966,811.
• Density-15,990/km2 (41,400/sq mi).
Languages
• Official- Bengali and Nepali.
Time zone -UTC+5:30 (IST).
In the early 19th century, when the East India Company ruled India, Darjeeling was known as a summer retreat for British officers, soldiers, and their families. The narrow mountain ridge was borrowed from the Kingdom of Sikkim and eventually annexed to British India. Experiments in tea cultivation in the lower slopes of Darjeeling have been very successful. Thousands of laborers, mostly from Nepal, were hired to clear forests, build European-style huts, and work on tea plantations. Massive deforestation has driven out the indigenous people. Boarding schools were established in and around Darjeeling to educate English children living in India. In the late 19th century, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, a new narrow-gauge mountain railway, brought summer residents to the city and a shipment of tea for export around the world. After India's independence in 1947, when the British left Darjeeling, their cottages were bought by rich Indians from the plains, and the tea plantations were bought by Indian business owners and trading companies outside the city. Most of Darjeeling's population today is the descendants of native and migrant workers who were employed in the early development of the city. Their common language, Nepali, is officially recognized at the state and federal levels in India, but this recognition has created meaningful jobs for speakers of the language and has shifted significantly into political affairs. Say that the tea industry and tourism are the main foundations of this city's economy. Deforestation in this area since India's independence has caused environmental degradation and affected the perennial springs that supply the city with water. On the other hand, Darjeeling's population is exploding every year, and haphazard construction, traffic, and water shortages are common. Much local youth educated in public schools are forced to migrate because they cannot find jobs that match their skills. Like other migrants from northeastern India, they have faced discrimination. When the British first arrived, Darjeeling was known as Dorjering or "Place of Thunder" among the Lepcha residents. According to the Oxford Concise Dictionary of Geographical Names of the World, Darjeeling comes from the Tibetan Dorjering or Dorje. - Guling, which means "land of Dorje", the thunderbolt, the weapon of the Hindu god Indra. Darjeeling's Lepcha Daughter and Buddhist Lama, from Joseph Dalton Hooker's Himalayan Journal, Darjeeling is located between the Methi and Teesta rivers in the Eastern Himalayas. In the 18th century, the region was part of a frontier region that fueled ambition and unrest in several South Asian countries. For most of the century, the Chogyal rulers of the North Sikkim Kingdom claimed ownership of the land. Over the past decades, the Gurkha Kingdom of Nepal expanded eastwards and brought Darjeeling under its territory. The British East India Company showed interest in the Darjeeling Hills in the early 19th century. At that time, the indigenous people of Darjeeling were mainly Lepcha and Limbo. The company's involvement in territorial affairs began after the victory of the Darjeeling army over the Gurkhas in the Anglo-Nepal War. The war, fought from 1814 to 1816, ended with two treaties, the Treaty of Sugavari and the Treaty of Titalia, which required Nepal to return its Darjeeling territories to Sikkim. In 1829, two officers of the East India Company, Captain George Lloyd and JW Grant, crossed the crescent-shaped ridge on their way to settle a border dispute between Nepal and Sikkim. Protection and recovery from the heat of the Indian plains. Sir William Bentinck, the Governor-General of India, to whom Lloyd conveyed his ideas, agreed and recommended a small presence of troops in addition to border protection.1835-1857: East India Company rule. In 1835, the East India Company furthered its ambitions and negotiated a 40 by 10 km (24 mi by 6 mi) land lease with the Chogyal Deed of Gift. The following year, Dr. Archibald Campbell was appointed "Superintendent" of Darjeeling, and two public buildings, a hotel, and a courthouse were added. Work soon began on bungalows that were in keeping with British taste."View of Kinchin Junga from Mr. Hodgson's Cottage at Darjeeling, from a sketch by W. Taylor Esq., B.C.S.Frontispiece, Joseph Dalton Hooker, Himalayan Journals, London: John Murray, 1854. Hill Station and Summer Capital at the End of the East India Company (1857)Converting Darjeeling into a resort required far more workers than the scattered local population. They did this by giving regular wages and accommodation. This was in contrast to the heavy taxation and forced labor system common in these kingdoms at the time. Tens of thousands of people reached Darjeeling. Shortly after the construction of the Darjeeling Hill Kart Road in North Bengal, it connected Siliguri and Darjeeling in the foothills of the Himalayas. In 1833, the East India Company lost its monopoly on the tea trade with China. Plans were prepared to plant tea in India. Superintendent Campbell began experiments in Darjeeling in 1840, which were quickly successful. European planters and patrons acquired large tracts of the surrounding hillsides and turned them into plantations known as tea gardens. The botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker, who visited Darjeeling in the 1840s, noted that wagons and carts on these roads carried fruit and agricultural produce from Nepal, wool and salt from Tibet, and laborers from almost every country. I understand that you are looking for a job. The Darjeeling Hills were formed by an accumulation of folds, faults, and tangential thrusts resulting from north-south compression as the Indian tectonic plate subducted beneath the Eurasian plate. Their physical composition varies from unchanged sedimentary rocks in the southern regions, to some types of metamorphic rocks, and some intrusive rocks in the central and northern regions, which indicate the upward penetration of the Earth's mantle. The mass process cuts, folds, crushes, crushes, and joins rocks together, reducing their strength, making them more susceptible to water infiltration through cracks, and increasing pore water pressure. East, while gneiss dominates the western region with Darjeeling.Landslide, Darjeeling Siliguri Road, 1993The Teesta River, flowing south, joins the Rangeget River on the right.Two studies (1990 and 2019) documented landslides as a serious concern in the region. Most of them are caused by rapid erosion caused by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and floods. They are caused by extensive deforestation, inadequate drainage, weak seawalls, and the presence of paths, roads, and steep slopes. Ledges for houses. Debris flows along existing ditches can create large boulders and damage roads. In 1968, during a devastating storm, the 56 km (35 mi) Darjeeling–Siliguri road was cut off at 92 points by debris flows.The Teesta, the main river of the Darjeeling region, originates in the Sikkim Glacier at an altitude of 6,300 m (20,700 ft) and flows south, first joining the Lampu and then the Ranjit before leaving the hills. Bangladesh During the summer monsoon, the Teesta River had a flow of 1,500 m3 (53,000 cu ft) per second, with major floods in 1950 and 1968.The steady tectonic activity of Darjeeling's ancient past can be inferred from the surrounding landscape. Darjeeling and surrounding forests, pastures, and farmland, Since the beginning of the 20th century, the average temperature of Darjeeling has increased by 4 degrees Celsius. This is twice the global average. Also, the annual average daily maximum and minimum temperature has increased significantly. During the same period, relative humidity decreased by 7% and annual precipitation decreased by 300 mm (0.98 ft). The municipality of Darjeeling and the surrounding hills rely heavily on the perennial or seasonal Jura springs as their water source, particularly in the pre-monsoon months of February to May. Lake Senchal, two artificial reservoirs constructed in 1910 and 1932 in the forested highlands of the southeast, collects water from surrounding catchments during the rainy season. They get monsoons. Water and the amount of water are greatly reduced. Supply, as of 2016. Darjeeling's explosive population growth from 1961 to 2011 and extensive deforestation, even in protected lake catchments, led to many springs being harvested during the dry season from February to May. The volume is significantly reduced. Of the 26 springs that once fed the lake, 12 have been affected. Forests and grasslands decreased from 78% in 1900 to 38% in 2000, and cropland contributing to soil erosion increased from 20% to 44%. By 2006, the Darjeeling land record showed a commensurate decline in foodgrain-producing agricultural land due to increasing levels of urbanization and subsistence agriculture giving way to commercial cultivation, especially tea. In 2016, acid rain from air pollution and potentially damaging forests were observed. In the eastern Himalayas, the pH value of Darjeeling was measured to be 4.2. A 2022 paper, citing another 2016 study, reported a pH value of 5.0 ± 0.825 for rainwater.A 2014 study found that the overpopulation of tea plantations around Darjeeling "spills into the city's fringes, landfills, slopes, septic tanks and horas (springs), straining the city's colonial infrastructure." Rice Farms.
Best Place To Visit In Darjeeling:-
Himalayan railway.
The settlement of Darjeeling actually began in 1828 with British interests. In 1835 it separated from Sikkim by establishing a sanatorium for sick servants of the East India Company. Then it consisted of about 20 huts and a monastery on the observatory hill with a population of about 100 people. Planning began in 1839 to lay out the city of Darjeeling and build hill roads connecting Siliguri, Pangkavari, Kurseong, and Darjeeling. At the same time, the evolution of hotels started first with Darjeeling Family Hotel and then other hotels. By 1840 Darjeeling city had about 30 buildings and some beautiful houses. Mother Teresa attended the first convent school founded in 1846. Tea plants were brought from China by the British and from 1857 tea plantations expanded rapidly. In 1861 a new carriage road was designed to meet the growing demand.
Tiger Hill.
Zoological park.
Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park is a 67.56-acre zoo in the town of Darjeeling in the Indian state of west Bengal. The zoo park was opened in 26July1958.
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2.HOTEL LOTUSINN
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3.HOTEL SONALI
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